![]() Entropy generation rates were calculated from experimental data. ![]() Most of the experimental data obtained for frictional pressure drop are negative at high gas-liquid ratios from 100 to 10,000. Experiments were conducted in a vertical pipe with diameter as 0.04 m for slug and churn flows. It is found that the frictional pressure drop along with a buoyancy-like term contributes to the entropy generation due to mechanical energy loss for steady, incompressible slug and churn flows in vertical and inclined pipes. In order to solve this puzzling problem, theoretical investigations were performed for the entropy generation in slug and churn flows. However, the negative frictional pressure drops were observed for some cases of two-phase slug and churn flows in pipes, challenging the general sense of thermodynamic irreversibility. It is widely accepted that the frictional pressure drop is impossible to be negative for pipe flow.
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